Event Type: Calendar Dates

Victory Day
War always starts suddenly, although after a generation for historians it seems inevitable. In 1941, the worst, closest, most expensive war began - the Great Patriotic War. They say that without huge losses the Nazis could not be stopped ...
May 9 - Victory Day in the war over fascist Germany - is one of the most important, touching and glorious holidays in Russia, the former Soviet republics and many European countries.
An important stage was the "Battle for the Caucasus." In the summer offensive of 1942, A. Hitler and his generals, despite their defeat in the battle of Moscow, hoped to defeat the entire southern flank of the Soviet front and secure their access to the Volga and the Caucasus. The German army needed the natural resources of the southern regions of the USSR - bread, oil, various minerals. Having accomplished this task, A. Hitler hoped to inflict a decisive defeat on the Red Army and secure for himself the successful conduct of the war on a global scale for many years.
The German command intended to bypass the Main Caucasian Range from the west, capturing Novorossiysk and Tuapse, and from the east - breaking into Grozny and Baku. The Soviet group was supposed to dismember and destroy, take oil fields into their own hands, and destroy the Black Sea Fleet bases or paralyze their activities.
German formations and their allies advanced very quickly at first. With heavy losses, Soviet troops retreated to the lower reaches of the Don River and to the Kuban River. In August 1942, the Germans captured Stavropol, Maykop (on the eve of the Red Army's withdrawal, it was possible to disable the main oil production capacities in the Maykop area), Krasnodar. At the end of August, units of the Wehrmacht broke into Mozdok, a threat arose to Grozny - its oil fields and refineries.
The enemy tried to break through the central part of the Caucasus Range - the Germans and Italians had trained climbers. But the courage of our troops frustrated these plans.
Gradually, enemy units began to lose their battle ardor. The desperate resistance of the Soviet troops at Ordzhonikidze (Vladikavkaz), through which the enemy tried to break through to Grozny, forced the Germans to roll back.
But, despite the numerical superiority and fierce fighting, by October 9, 1943 the territory of the Caucasus region was liberated. Prerequisites were created for the landing on the Kerch Peninsula and the liberation of the Crimea.

Day of Remembrance and Sorrow of the Peoples of the Chechen Republic
By the decree of the Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Akhmatovich Kadyrov of April 11, 2011, the Day of Remembrance and Mourning of the peoples of the Chechen Republic was established - May 10. Every year on this day, large-scale actions and events dedicated to mournful dates are held in the republic: in all mosques of the republic they read a memorial prayer (dua) in memory of those who died for the good and prosperity of future generations in the hard and tragic times of war and repression for Chechnya, during the years of deportation (1944 - 1957), two military campaigns (1994 - 1995; 1999 - 2000) and other tragic pages in history. Religious rites are held - dhikr and rituals of sacrifice. Events dedicated to this day are held in ministries and departments.
On this day, residents of the Chechen Republic recall those who died during the years of repression and during two military campaigns in Chechnya.

Day of the Ossetian language and literature
May 15 in Ossetia celebrate the Day of the Ossetian language and literature. It is significant that the date of the holiday is connected with the day of publication in 1899 of the book of the founder of the Ossetian literary language by Kost Khetagurov “Iron Fandyr” (“Ossetian Lira”). The Ossetian language belongs to the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family, is the only successor to the Scythian-Sarmatian-Alanian language, which makes it a unique monument to the identity, history and culture of the Ossetian people.

Day of Remembrance and Sorrow of the Victims of the Caucasian War
On May 21, 1864, the Caucasian War ended (1817-1864), during which hundreds of thousands of Adygs and Abkhazians died, the survivors were subjected to mass deportation to the Ottoman Empire, after which less than 5% of the indigenous population remained in their historical homeland.
From 1858 to 1865, according to official statistics alone, up to half a million people were evicted from their lands. The highlanders left their homes, left property, livestock - all this went to the Cossacks who settled in their places. Representatives of the Adyghe-Abkhaz peoples were expelled to Turkey along the Black Sea - a route that became a cemetery for a huge number of people.
Every year on May 21 in Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, victims of the Caucasian War are remembered. This day is officially declared a memorable and non-working day in these three republics of the Russian Federation. Memorial Day is celebrated also abroad - in Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Abkhazia, Israel and the USA. Wherever the descendants of the Circassian Muhajirs live. The lessons of the Russian-Caucasian war are discussed at round tables, mourning rallies, processions and other commemorative events.

Day of Slavic Writing and Culture (Day of Saints Cyril and Methodius)
Every year on May 24 in all Slavic countries celebrate the Day of Slavic writing and culture and solemnly glorify the creators of the Slavic writing of Saints Cyril and Methodius - Slovenian teachers. As you know, the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius came from a noble and pious family and lived in the Greek city of Soluni (now Thessaloniki).
On May 24, the Church performs a festive service in memory of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Brothers Cyril and Methodius. The brothers were Orthodox monks and created the Slavic alphabet in a Greek monastery.
Scientists believe that Slavic writing was created in the 9th century, around 863. The new alphabet was called "Cyrillic" by the name of one of the brothers, Constantine, who, having adopted monasticism, became Cyril. And his elder brother Methodius helped him in the charitable cause of the formation of Slavic peoples.

Feast of Conversation - Uraza Bayram (Eid al-Fitr, Ramadan)
After the end of the holy month of Ramadan, one of the two major holidays of Islam, called the festival of conversation Eid al-Fitr (Turk. Uraza Bayram, Ramadan Bayram), comes.
For every believer, a holiday is an involvement in the common joy of co-religionists and a good opportunity to replenish spiritual experience. The celebration of conversation for a Muslim is, first of all, a farewell to the blessed days of the month of Ramadan, when each Muslim was given a good opportunity to grow spiritually, pacify passions through fasting, a greater desire for piety, and helping those in need.

Russian language day
Every year on June 6, Russia celebrates "Pushkin Day" or "Day of the Russian Language". The literary work of the great Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin accompanies us throughout our lives. His works unite people of all ages, religions, nationalities, are translated into dozens of languages ​​of the world.
Alexander Pushkin is often called the founder of the modern Russian literary language. No matter how difficult his works are for translation, the poet has his admirers in almost all corners of our planet. And with his tales we begin to get acquainted, not yet learning how to read.

Day of Russia
Russia Day is an important state holiday of the Russian Federation, celebrated annually on June 12. Until 2002, it was referred to as the Day of the adoption of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Russia. This is one of the "youngest" public holidays in the country.
On June 12, 1990, the first Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR adopted the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Russia, in which the primacy of the Constitution of Russia and its laws was proclaimed. By that time, many republics of the USSR had already decided on their sovereignty, so this document was adopted in a situation when the republics became independent one after another. And an important milestone in strengthening Russian statehood was the adoption of a new name for the country - the Russian Federation (Russia).
By the way, on June 12, in addition to “independence”, Russia gained its first President on this day, but already in 1991 the first popular elections in the history of the country took place, in which B.N. won Yeltsin. It was he who, by decree No. 1113 of June 2, 1994, gave state significance on June 12, and the holiday itself was named - the Day of the adoption of the Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Russian Federation. Later, for simplicity, it was called Independence Day.

Day of Remembrance and Sorrow - the day of the beginning of World War II
June 22, 1941 is one of the saddest dates in the history of Russia - the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow - the day the Great Patriotic War began.
This day reminds us of all those who died in battles, tortured in fascist captivity, who died in the rear from starvation and deprivation. We grieve for all those who, at the cost of their lives, have fulfilled a holy duty, protecting the Fatherland in those harsh years.
Early in the morning of June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, inflicting a massive blow to military and strategic targets and many cities. Thus began the Great Patriotic War, which lasted 1418 days and nights, and in which the USSR lost about 27 million people, but was able to survive.

Unity Day of the Peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia
July 3 - Day of Unity of the Peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia, is associated with the day of the formation of the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region. Karachay-Cherkessia is a multinational international republic of the North Caucasus, on the territory of which about 100 nationalities live - a relatively young holiday for the Republic, but it has already become truly beloved by the peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia. This day is a holiday of friendship and hospitality. The traditions of kunatism and mutual assistance between the inhabitants of the republic - representatives of different nationalities - continue, and Unity Day is the best confirmation of this.
The theme of unity of the peoples of the Caucasus is dedicated to the stela "Friendship of the peoples of Karachay-Cherkessia." It is located on Friendship Square. Its author is the architect Rozhin and sculptor Ikonnikov. In 1957, for the first time, the 400th anniversary of the voluntary accession of these peoples to Russia was solemnly celebrated in Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygea. In honor of this significant date, it was decided to build monuments in the cities of Nalchik, Cherkessk, Maykop. The construction of the square and the monument in Cherkessk was completed in 1979.

Day of family, love and fidelity (Day of Peter and Fevronia)
Every year on July 8, an important Russian holiday is celebrated - Day of Family, Love and Fidelity. It is symbolic that it was first celebrated in 2008, which was declared the year of the family in Russia.
This holiday was founded on the initiative of the deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, which was supported by all the traditional religious organizations of Russia - because the idea of ​​celebrating Family Day, love and fidelity has no confessional boundaries. Each religion has examples of family loyalty and love.
The idea of ​​the holiday arose several years ago among residents of the city of Murom (Vladimir Region), where the relics of the holy spouses Peter and Fevronia, patrons of a Christian marriage, whose memory is celebrated on July 8, rest.

National Flag Day of the Republic of Ingushetia
July 11 is the State Flag Day of the Republic of Ingushetia. The flag of the Republic of Ingushetia is one of the main state symbols of the Republic. The current flag was approved on July 11, 1999 and entered in the State Heraldry Register of the Russian Federation under number 152. It is a public holiday of Ingushetia established by the Decree of the Head of the Republic of Ingushetia on September 11, 2014.
“The national flag of the Republic of Ingushetia is a rectangular panel of white color, in the center of which there is a solar sign in the form of a red circle with three rays extending from it, each of which ends with an incomplete circle. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length is 2: 3.
There are two green stripes along the entire length of the upper and lower parts of the flag, each of which is one sixth of the width of the flag.
One of the rays of the solar sign is located vertically with respect to the length of the flag and is located in the upper part of the State flag of the Republic of Ingushetia. The distance between the upper point of the incomplete circle at the end of the rays and the outer circle of the solar sign is one-ninth of the width of the flag.
The rays are evenly spaced around the entire circumference of the solar sign and are directed counterclockwise. ”

Day of culture of the people of Abaza and Day of the Abaza flag
The culture day of the people of Abaza, which is held annually on the Day of the national flag of Abkhazia and on the day of the first issue of the newspaper Abazashta - July 23, for five years has become an integral part of public life of the Abazins of Karachay-Cherkessia and not only.
This holiday is always accompanied by festivities, courtyards, dances and a festive concert. The importance of holding this holiday is connected with the need to preserve and disseminate culture, traditions and language. Currently, the Abaza people belong to one of the smallest, and native speakers and traditions are becoming less and less every year.

Constitution Day of the Republic of Dagestan
July 26 is the main state holiday of the republic - Constitution Day of the Republic of Dagestan. On this day in 1994, the Constitutional Assembly adopted the new Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan, and on July 26 was declared Constitution Day of the Republic of Dagestan, went down in the history of the Republic of Dagestan as a day of a national holiday. The adoption of the 1994 Constitution was an important step towards the development of the statehood of the multinational Dagestan people, the development of democracy and the establishment of the rule of law. The members of the Constitutional Commission of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Dagestan, the Government of the Republic of Dagestan, a working group composed of well-known scholars - lawyers, highly qualified lawyers worked on the development of the draft Constitution. Unique in its kind, adopted in a difficult time for the country, it contributed to the preservation of peace and unity of multinational Dagestan, political and economic stability in the republic.